Historical Echoes in Contemporary Diplomacy: Analyzing Xi Jinping Administrations Policy Toward Taiwan Within the Framework of Chinas Century of Humiliation

Abstract

This paper investigates the complex interplay between historical narratives and contemporary foreign policy, with a particular focus on China under Xi Jinpings leadership. It is structured into several sections, each delving into different aspects of this relationship. Section II integrates IR and history, discussing presentism and contextualism methodologies. Section III examines the Century of Humiliation (CH) narrative promoted by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and its impact on Chinas national identity and foreign policy. It explores how this period, marked by foreign invasions and loss of territories, influences Chinas current assertive stance on sovereignty and territorial integrity. Section IV focuses on the rise of Wolf Warrior diplomacy during Xi Jinpings tenure, highlighting a shift in Chinese foreign policy towards a more assertive and aggressive approach, fueled by a revived nationalistic sentiment. Section V uses Taiwan as a case study to illustrate the impact of the CH narrative on Xi Jinpings foreign policy, including the triangular dynamics of U.S.-PRC-Taiwan relations. In conclusion, the paper underscores the significant influence of historical consciousness in shaping Chinas foreign policy.