Abstract
Abstract The chapter traces the history of bohemian communities, which antedate fictional representations of Bohemia by more than a decade. Starting with bohemian enclaves in different Paris neighbourhoods (the Latin Quarter and Montmartre), the chapter shows how those communities were affected by the program of urban modernization executed by Baron Hausmann, starting in the mid nineteenth century. It also describes the migration of Bohemia to downtown New York City in the late 1850s and to the Schwabing section of Munich at the fin de siècle. The Schwabing Bohemia is noteworthy for the full participation of women in the community and for the proto-fascist politics the community embodied.
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