HISTORICAL AND URBAN PLANNING BACKGROUND OF THE FORMATION OF ARCHITECTURAL-PLANNING STRUCTURE OF THE CHERNIVTSI CITY IN THE SOVIET PERIOD AND TIME OF INDEPENDENT UKRAINE

Abstract

The prerequisites for the formation of the architectural and spatial environment of the city of Chernivtsi that influenced the urban development in the late 30s of the XX - beginning of the XXI centuries are considered. The construction of Chernivtsi at the time of entry into Soviet Ukraine is described. The chronology of the city events development is considered.With the entry of Chernivtsi into the Soviet Union in 1940 important urban transformations began, the purpose of which was to turn Chernivtsi into a Soviet city. In this respect, the concepts of the general plan of 1965 became decisive, the implementation of which gave the peripheral parts of the city the image of a "typical" socialist city. Chernivtsi City Executive Committee established the boundaries between the districts of Chernivtsi.September 24, 1947 Chernivtsi city executive committee adopted the "Scheme of the master plan of the city of Chernivtsi" with comments on some revision.In 1956, the Kharkov branch of the Dipromisto Design Institute developed the master plan of Chernivtsi, which provided for the further development of the city in a southerly direction. Then it was decided to abandon selective construction in the historical center and focus on mass construction in new territories using only standard designs. At this time, the intensive development of the city began.There were changes in the administrative division of the city. New urban areas were being created.Since 1965, Chernivtsi was being built up in the accordance to the general plan developed by the Lviv branch of the design institute.In 1969, the development of the Pivdenny housing estate began. The main street was taken as the current main street. Construction was carried out in the southern part of the city, new housing estates were built up with five-story houses, sports and entertainment facilities.Since 1971, typical houses with improved layout of apartments were built in the residential areas of the city. In the overlooking the main streets houses shops and other public services were placed on the ground floors.1993 a new general plan was approved. The city developed according to the general plan, however, as socio-economic conditions changed, the city entered into market relations, the population and construction rates decreased, many enterprises were closed, and ten years later there was a need to adjust the city plan. The new general plan, which action is designed for the period until 2020, provides for a smooth population growth of 250,000 people, a change in the functional purpose of those industrial enterprises that do not work and will not work. Approved "Rules of using and development of the territory of the city of Chernivtsi".In 2012, new adjusted master plan of the Chernivtsi city was approved, which is the current urban planning documentation. The main role in the formation of the planning structure of Chernivtsi was played by natural factors: the Prut River, morphoforms of the relief and forest cover. The territory of the city is divided into two parts - a high right bank and a low left bank, separated by a floodplain of the river Prut. According to the general plan, these are Left-bank and Right-bank planning areas of the city. The structure of planning areas is closely related to the existing network of streets and roads; existing and promising public transport systems. For the Chernivtsi city projects for detailed planning of the territory are being developed on a competitive basis guided by the current urban planning documentation.