Abstract
This article analyzes the evolution and resilience of the Spanish desalination industry in response to shifting market conditions and technological challenges. Initially focused on domestic projects, Spanish companies leveraged the AGUA Program (Actions for the Management and Use of Water; the acronym does not correspond exactly in English, as it is translated from Spanish) to build expertise, which later facilitated their successful international expansion as local demand declined. The industry has adapted to diverse international regulations and local conditions, demonstrating both flexibility and competitiveness. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on integrating renewable energy into desalination processes to mitigate rising energy costs and address environmental concerns. This shift not only reduces CO2 emissions but also stabilizes operational costs, underscoring the sector’s ongoing innovation and adaptability.
Published Version
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