Abstract
Introduction. From an environmental point of view, the article considers the appearance of agriculture and its development on the territory of Mordovia. Materials and Methods. The authors, focusing on a historical analysis of the processes of agricultural development and use of landscapes on the territory of Mordovia, came to the conclusion that lack of knowledge how to transform nature in the development process can lead to serious economic and environmental miscalculations, negatively affects the most important natural properties of socio-ecological systems, and above all, their productivity. A graphic model of the equilibrium state of the ecosystems of the natural-territorial complex of Mordovia was developed for the purpose of detailed consideration of the issue by N. F. Reimers’ method. Results and Discussion. Agricultural activities on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia, as well as in other regions of the Finno-Ugric peoples’ residence, have become the main cause of the disturbance of the ecological balance, its impact on soil, atmosphere, water, energy and biotic components of natural systems. It caused deep and large-scale processes of degradation of the natural environment. The destruction of natural vegetation, primarily woody vegetation, has had a great impact on the water balance: due to deforestation and plowing of land, erosion processes have sharply increased and droughts have become more frequent. The authors prove the predominant role of forest landscapes in the restoration and preservation of the region’s ethnoecosystem. Conclusion. The historical analysis made it possible to conclude that the history of agricultural development of the territory of Mordovia, as well as other Finno-Ugric regions of Russia, can be called the history of deforestation. All this raises with new force questions about the return to the Finno-Ugric regions of their natural forests and the intensification of scientific research in the field of optimal forest cover.
Highlights
The article presents the results of research of the geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect, one of the Erzya-Mordovian dialects of the Samara region, common among Erzya population of Shilan village in Krasnoyarsk region
The analysis of the geographical vocabulary of the Shilan dialect is carried out with the involvement of relevant items made in other Mordovian dialects of Samara region, adjacent territories of neighboring regions, as well as other territories of settlement of the Mordovians
This paper considers some features of noun morphology in the translation of the “Gospel of Luke” (1821) into the Erzya language, namely the indicators of such grammatical categories of the noun as number, case and the categories of possessiveness and definiteness
Summary
Также обращает на себя внимание тот факт, что в мордовских говорах немногочисленных для Самарского Поволжья сел, основанных, как и Шилан, в XIX в., термин ляй/лей присутствует и является топогенетичным. В шиланском говоре полностью отсутствует термин эрьке, что составляет редчайшую для мордовских говоров Самарского Поволжья ситуацию. Согласно данным наших полевых исследований, во многих мордовских говорах региона термин эрьке в значении ‘озеро’ в настоящее время также не используется – в основном ввиду вытеснения заимствованием из русского языка. Что в большинстве мордовских говоров Самарского Поволжья данный термин, при наличии в географическом лексиконе, топогенетичным не является. В большинстве эрзя-мордовских говоров Самарского Поволжья термин имеет именно такую форму и, как и в шиланском говоре, топогенетичным не является. 14 ПМА: Самарская область, Клявлинский район, запись 2019 г.
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