Abstract
Background: Intra uterine Growth Retardation is the most significant factor of perinatal mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the histopathological changes in the placenta in association with IUGR and correlation with fetal birth weight.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 placentae were included. Twenty five normal placentae and 75 placentae were from IUGR pregnancies were included.Results: Intervillous fibrin deposition (64%), increased syncytial knotting (64%), stromal fibrosis (65%), cytotrophoblastic hyperplasia (44%) and basement membrane thickening (40%) were seen along with hypovascular villi and infraction were present in 32% and 28% respectively. These changes were seen less in the control group (p<0.001). Statistically significant association between the birth weight and microscopic changes (chi square=19.543, degree of freedom=4, p<0.005) was observed.Conclusion: Severity of IUGR is related to the microscopic change in the placenta. The number and severity of microscopic changes in IUGR placentas increased with decreasing fetal birth weight.
Highlights
The antenatal health care given to pregnant women has great influence on the rates of perinatal death and morbidity
Several major histologic changes occur in Intra Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) placentas compared to the normal placentas
Fibromuscular sclerosis of fetal stem arteries was present in 28 percent of IUGR placentas (P
Summary
The antenatal health care given to pregnant women has great influence on the rates of perinatal death and morbidity. Amongst the different causes of perinatal mortality, Intra Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) is the single most significant factor and about 2/3 deaths among infants with less than 2500 g birth weight.[1] Causes of IUGR can be divided into maternal, fetal, placental and unknown causes, but the basic pathophysiology is due to reduced availability of nutrients in mother or its reduced transfer by the placenta to the fetus. Microscopic lesion Study (n=75) Group % Control (n=25). Intra uterine Growth Retardation is the most significant factor of perinatal mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the histopathological changes in the placenta in association with IUGR and correlation with fetal birth weight
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