Histopathological study of ovarian lesions at a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Background: Ovary is the commonest site of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesion, can present in childhood to postmenopausal age group and accounts for the most prevalent cause of hospital admissions. Aims & Objectives: (1) To know about various histopathological types of ovarian lesions presented and diagnosed. (2) To study the incidence of ovarian lesions with respect to patient’s age. (3) To study the frequency of ovarian lesions in terms of non-neoplastic or neoplastic, benign or malignant, unilateral or bilateral, etc.Materials and Method: This is a descriptive study which was carried out at B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad for a period of three years from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020. A Total of 225 cases of ovarian lesions were received and processed in the Pathology Department. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained slides were examined. We have included parameters like Age wise incidence, Nature of Lesion, Frequency & Laterality in this study.Results: Out of 225 cases, 197 cases (87.56%) were unilateral and 28cases (12.44%) were bilateral, 98 cases (43.56%) were non neoplastic & 127 cases (56.44%) were neoplastic. Majority of cases 112(49.78%) belong to age group of 20-39 years. The most common non-neoplastic lesion seen was Follicular Cyst followed by simple and corpus luteal cyst. Among neoplastic lesions, 120 cases (94.49%) were benign & 1 case (0.78%) was borderline & 6 cases (4.73%) were malignant. In benign ovarian neoplasm, most commonly seen lesion were serous cyst adenoma followed by benign cystic teratoma and mucinous cyst adenoma. In malignant cases, maximum were of serous cyst adenocarcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma. Conclusion: Ovarian Lesions both non-neoplastic and neoplastic include a variety of morphological features and show a particular age wise incidence. Role of histopathological evaluation remains always important in both diagnosis & management of such cases, particularly in cases of Malignant Lesions in order to save the patient’s life.