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Abstract
BackgroundThe genus Entamoeba has many species that are invasive or non-invasive (E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii).The invasive E. histolytica is the main pathogenic amoeba in human. Amoebiasis involves several stages starting with the adherence of the parasite to the intestinal epithelium, followed by degradation, tissue invasion, and distribution to other organs.ResultsThe current study investigates the pathological changes of Entamoeba spp. infection in both rectum and cecum of experimental rats. The results showed the histological changes at the 7th, 14th, and 28th day post-infection for the three species. E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii infection showed less pathological changes compared to E. histolytica. These changes include the attachment of the trophozoites to the mucosal layer, significant surface epithelial changes such as dissociation and degeneration in the mucosal layer, and ulceration of the apical surface. Inflammatory cells infiltrate the varied regions, extending into the deep mucosa causing mild architectural alterations. These are features of amoebiasis.ConclusionThe pathological changes reported in E. dispar and E. moshkovskii were less severe than E. histolytica.
Highlights
Amoebiasis is a gastrointestinal infection caused by a number of Entamoeba spp., and E. histolytica is the main species to cause the pathological symptoms of this disease
Histological study The histological changes in experimental rat cecum and rectum for the three Entamoeba. spp. are illustrated as follow: Fig. 1 Cecum section of control rat.showing the mucosa surface (M), straight crypts (S), submucosa (SM), with blood vessels (B), and muscularis externa (ME)
Plate 1 Histological changes in the cecum of rats infected with E. histolytica 7 days post-infection
Summary
Amoebiasis is a gastrointestinal infection caused by a number of Entamoeba spp., and E. histolytica is the main species to cause the pathological symptoms of this disease. It is widely spread, causing mortality and morbidity across the world through diarrhea. E. dispar has been identified as a non-invasive species (Uslu et al 2016); it has a big effect on the epidemiology of amoebiasis. It has asymptomatic infection worldwide (Al-Areeqi et al 2017). Amoebiasis involves several stages starting with the adherence of the parasite to the intestinal epithelium, followed by degradation, tissue invasion, and distribution to other organs
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