Abstract
Introduction: Endometrial specimen for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the one of the commonest specimens received in histopathology laboratory. Histopathological characteristics of endometrial tissues, as assessed by light microscopy, remains the diagnostic standard for the management of AUB. The objective of study is to find out the histopathological pattern of endometrium in AUB in the light of clinical details.
 
 Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out in the department of Pathology, Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital for a period of two years from June 2014 to May 2016. Formalin fixed endometrial specimens were processed, paraffin embedded, sectioned at 3-4 µm, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and studied under light microscopy along with their demographics. Data were collected, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.
 
 Results: The study included 100 cases of endometrial biopsy specimens with clinical diagnosis of AUB. Menstrual disturbances was found in wide age range between 17-75 years with the mean age of 45 (SD=13.36) years. Menorrhagia was the commonest (n=60, 60%) clinical presentation. Most (n=85; 85 %) endometrium had non-neoplastic lesions. Among them, normal endometrial patterns were commonest (n=50, 50 %). Neoplastic lesions (n=15, 15%) were distributed in all menstruation status with majority in postmenopause (n=7, 7%) and included malignant cases (n=5, 5%) among others.
 
 Conclusion: Post-menopausal bleeding was common presentation among women with malignant and premalignant disease which was present in 15% of the cases together. Timely evaluation of AUB by histopathology can be life saving with early tissue diagnosis and management.
Highlights
Endometrial specimen for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the one of the commonest specimens received in histopathology laboratory
This study demonstrates the spectrum of normal and pathologic findings in endometrial biopsy specimens in women of all menstrual status
All endometrial specimens submitted to department of pathology with the clinical diagnosis of AUB for histopathological examination were included in the study
Summary
Endometrial specimen for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the one of the commonest specimens received in histopathology laboratory. Results: The study included 100 cases of endometrial biopsy specimens with clinical diagnosis of AUB. Pathology practice accounting for major proportion of workload and present a unique challenge for the surgical pathologist.[1] The endometrium undergoes a plethora of changes, by the complex interplay of endogenous sex steroids and other systemic as well as iatrogenic factors.[2] The most common indication for endometrial sampling is the workup of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).[1] AUB is a new terminology that describes both dysfunctional uterine bleeding and bleeding from structural causes.[3,4] In women of childbearing age, abnormal uterine bleeding includes any change in menstrual-period frequency or duration, or amount of flow, and bleeding between cycles. Patterns of abnormal endometrial bleeding include menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, and menometrorrhagia as well as postmenopausal bleeding (PMB).[4]
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