Histopathological Study of Bone Tumours in 78 Cases from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Hyderabad

Abstract

Introduction: In comparison with neoplasms in other parts of body, bone tumours are relatively rare. Successful diagnosis and treatment plan of bone tumours involves team approach of pathologist, radiologist, surgeon, oncologist and radiotherapist. As histopathology diagnosis is confirmatory in bone tumours, it is very important to make treatment plan and estimation of prognosis in different bone tumours. Current study helps in understanding morphology of different bone tumours, also gives an idea about their age, sex distribution, relative frequencies and location of tumour. Aim: To review the histopathology diagnosis in bone tumours and to evaluate the distribution of different bone tumours according to age, sex and anatomical location, also to evaluate their relative frequencies. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted prospectively in 78 cases for a period of two years from October 2015 to September 2017, in Department of Pathology, Mehdi Nawaz Jung Institute of Oncology, Hyderabad, India and TB and Chest Hospital, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad. Patients with suspicion of bone tumour on clinical and radiological examination, tissue specimens were referred to Department of Pathology along with essential clinical history such as the age, sex, anatomical site, radiological findings. Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain was done for all cases, followed by detailed microscopic study of H&E slides. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker analysis was performed in selected cases. Histopathology findings were noted. Age, sex, anatomical distribution and relative frequencies of different histological types of bone tumours were evaluated and analysed by comparing with other similar studies. Results: Out of 78 cases of suspected bone tumours, 30 cases were primary malignant bone tumours, 22 were metastatic deposits, 24 were benign tumours, two were chronic osteomyelitis. Osteosarcoma was the most common primary malignant bone tumour and giant cell tumour was most common benign bone tumour. Bone tumours were more common in males than in females most common anatomical location for primary malignant bone tumour was femur followed by tibia secondary deposits were more common in spine followed by pelvis. Conclusion: Histopathology diagnosis is confirmatory in bone tumours. Successful diagnosis of bone tumours is very important to make a treatment plan. Age, sex distribution and anatomical location of different bone tumours correlated well with other previous studies and provided an important role in the definitive diagnosis.