Histopathological profiling of endometrial biopsies in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding: Insights from a tertiary care center in India

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), characterized by excessive, irregular, or prolonged uterine bleeding, is a prevalent gynecological concern, accounting for more than 30% of outpatient gynecological visits. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to assess: (A) The histomorphological patterns of the endometrium in cases of AUB. (B) The distribution of various endometrial pathologies across different age groups. (C) The occurrence of endometrial carcinoma among patients experiencing AUB. Materials and Methods: A prospective investigation was conducted among patients seeking care for AUB and infertility at a tertiary care center in northern India. A total of 130 endometrial specimens (collected through endometrial curettage, biopsy, or hysterectomy) were examined over a 2-year period. Tissue samples were preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed routinely, and examined using light microscopy. Results: The largest proportion of cases (36.2%) fell within the 31–40-year age group. The predominant histopathological pattern observed was secretory endometrium in 47 patients (36.2%), followed by proliferative endometrium in 44 cases (33.8%). Hyperplasia with atypia was more frequently noted in the perimenopausal age group; however, the incidence of malignancy in this subset of the population was relatively low. Conclusion: Histomorphological examination in cases of AUB contributes valuable insights for the diagnosis and management of AUB.