Histopathological Pattern of Endometrium: Hospital Based Study in Teaching Hospital, Batticaloa, Srilanka

Abstract

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding, either due to organic or be dysfunctional cause, is a common gynaecological problems. Methods: A retrospective, cross sectional, hospital-based study was done for a period of five and a half years included 1884 samples which were taken by endosampling as well as by curetting for the evaluation of several gynaecological symptoms. Results: The age distribution ranges from 16 to 83 years. 12.8% of (242/1884) samples were inadequate for a comprehensive diagnosis. The functional cause was the predominant in 1263 samples and organic causes were found in 379 sample. The menorrhagia is the commonest one and it is followed by post-menopausal bleeding and polymenorrhoea. Endometrial polyp was the predominant organic (46.9%) cause followed by (26.1%) simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. Most of the simple hyperplasia without atypia (49/99) and complex hyperplasia (10/28) also occurred in the same age group. Total 29 (1.5%) cases of carcinoma of endometrium were found and it was common (13/29) in 50 - 59 years of age. It was noted that (5/29) carcinoma occurred in less than 39 years of age. Conclusion: This study shows that most of the patients fall in the age group of 40 - 49 years. As the organic causes mostly found in this age group, endometrial cavity evaluation should be done more than 40 years of age. Further endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma of the endometrium also occurs in less than 40 years of age. Therefore, clinical risk factors should be assessed and need of endometrial cavity should be individualised for better outcome.