Abstract
This project is aimed at assessing the Histopathological effect of the different concentration of crude oil and its products on the gill apparatus of catfish (<i>Heterobranchus bidorsalis</i>). Three concentrations (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 M/L) of the petroleum products Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK) and Bonny-Light Crude oil (BLCO) were made. To each concentration, three adults of <i>H. bidorsalis</i> were incubated for 1, 24 and 96 hours. Triplicate values of samples were recorded in each of the different concentration of petroleum products. Three plastic containers containing three fishes each were not contaminated with petroleum product and was left as control (0.0 M/L) for the experimental work. Histology of the gill was used to determine the pathology of petroleum products on the gills. Histopathological examination following exposure to petroleum products showed elongation of gill lamellae, hyperplasia of lamellae, fusion of lamellae tips, separation of respiratory epithelium with underlying supporting tissue and altered gill rakers. Microscopical observation showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in hyperplasia and elongated gill lamellae. There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in heartbeats, weight and underlying supporting tissue in the different concentration of petroleum products. The various biological responses and changes observed with such histological alterations can be used as a tool to detect toxic effects of pollutants in the organs of living organism making it a good environmental stressor indicator for bioassay.
Highlights
Petroleum and its products have been recognized as a potential environmental contaminant since shortly after the beginning of the twentieth century [1]
In the laboratory triplicates treatments of crude oil and its products and control were analyzed for the gills pathological parameters using methods as follows: The specimen from 10% formalin was processed with automatic tissue processor
The result of this research work showed that crude oil and its products caused alterations in the gill apparatus of H. bidorsalis
Summary
Petroleum and its products have been recognized as a potential environmental contaminant since shortly after the beginning of the twentieth century [1]. The degree of hazardous effect of petroleum products (PPS) is dependent on the degree of their concentration, chemical components and solubility in water. An example of such effects is the distortion of gill apparatus in Heterobronchus bidorsalis fish [2]. H. bidorsalis is a known catfish, generally recognized by the barbells on each side of the mouth which mimics the whisker of a cat and the name “Cat fish”. This group of fish is extremely large and diverse. H. bidorsalis is a highly esteemed group of Ugbeyide Juliet Avwerosuoghene and Nwamba Helen: Histopathological Effect of the Different Concentration of Crude
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