Histopathological Disease Spectrum of Cholecystectomy Specimen: A Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Gallstone disease is a common surgical problem requiring cholecystectomy. It is known to produce diverse histopathological changes in the gallbladder ranging from acute or chronic inflammation to metaplasias and even malignancies. Objective: The aim of this study was to emphasize the importance of a detailed microscopic examination and to study the range of histopathological lesions in cholecystectomy specimens. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 1200 cholecystectomy specimens received in the Department of Pathology, Jahurul Islam Medical College Hospital (JIMCH) over a period of 6 years from January 2017 to December 2022. Clinical details and histopathological data were retrieved from the records. The variety of histomorphological changes in the resected gall bladder was studied. Results: There were 1200 cases consisting of 516 (43%) males and 684 (57%) females with M;F ratio of 1: 1.33. Maximum number of patients (28.25%) being 41 to 50 years old. Most common clinical symptom were pain in the upper abdomen and right upper back (91.4%). Histopathologically, the most common diagnosis was chronic cholecystitis (66.75%), followed by acute on chronic cholecystitis (26.25%), gangrenous cholecystitis (3.25%), empyema gallbladder (1.5%), mucocele (0.75%), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (0.50%) and adenocarcinoma gallbladder (1%). Conclusion: Cholecystectomy performed for a common condition like gallstone disease can result in a diverse and wide spectrum of histopathological lesions ranging from benign diagnosis to an unexpected gallbladder malignancy. The Journal of Ad-din Women's Medical College; Vol. 11 (1), Jan 2023; p 22-25