Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among Iranian women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is referred to a type of breast cancer which three biomarkers of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), are negative.
 Materials and Methods: In this case control study, immunohistopathologic data of patients with TNBC were compared with non-TNBC patients. According to pathological reports, frequency, age, gender, type, size, and tumor grade, involvement and the number of involved lymph nodes, mitosis, Ki-67, necrosis, nuclear grade, tumor side, involvement of the margins, skin involvement, nipple involvement, tumor location, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, presence of in-situ compartment and the benign accompanied tumors, granulomatosis reaction, and calcification were compared between both groups.
 Results: Two hundred fourteen pathological samples of patients with breast cancer were evaluated. TNBC was seen in about 14% of breast cancers in this study on Iranian population. The mean age of TNBC group was 43±12 years and non-TNBC was 50±12 years (p=0.03). TNBC had significantly higher grade, high mitotic indices, more possibility of P53 positivity and higher level of Ki-67. Presence of vascular and nerve invasion and involvement of the margins at the time of diagnosis were seen in the TNBC group comparing with the non-TNBC group.
 Conclusion: Younger age, higher grading, neurovascular invasion, P53 positivity, and high levels of Ki-67, lead clinicians to evaluate the biomarkers of TNBC, and in case of confirming TNBC diagnosis, appropriate treatment methods should be added to the routine ones in breast cancer.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide after lung cancer
Presence of vascular and nerve invasion and involvement of the margins at the time of diagnosis were more significant in Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to N-TNBC
Left lower quadrant (LLQ) involvement was significantly higher than other locations in TNBC
Summary
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide after lung cancer This cancer accounts for about 10.4% of all cancers and is the fifth leading cause of cancer related mortalities. According to the latest American cancer society reports on 2010, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women (28%) and is the second cause of cancer mortalities in females [2]. According to a report of Iranian government in 1994, the highest incidence rates of breast cancer were reported in ages ranged from 45 to 64 and above 80 years old and in three provinces (Yazd, Isfahan and Tehran, respectively). Conclusion: Younger age, higher grading, neurovascular invasion, P53 positivity, and high levels of Ki-67, lead clinicians to evaluate the biomarkers of TNBC, and in case of confirming TNBC diagnosis, appropriate treatment methods should be added to the routine ones in breast cancer. Conclusion: Younger age, higher grading, neurovascular invasion, P53 positivity, and high levels of Ki-67, lead clinicians to evaluate the biomarkers of TNBC, and in case of confirming TNBC diagnosis, appropriate treatment methods should be added to the routine ones in breast cancer. [GMJ.2014;3(3):14552]
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