Histopathological Analysis of Retinoblastoma: Insights into Prognostic Factors and Chemotherapeutic Response

Abstract

Background: Retinoblastoma is a highly aggressive ocular malignancy that mainly impacts young children. It is essential to comprehend the histopathological characteristics of this tumour to determine the most effective treatment approaches. Furthermore, recognizing high-risk histopathological factors can help predict the prognosis and guide treatment decisions for patients with retinoblastoma. Objective: To analyse the histopathological features in eyes with retinoblastoma primarily treated by enucleation and those treated with chemoreduction. The goal is to identify high-risk factors and improve treatment modalities, prognosis, and reduce morbidity and mortality. Methods: 40 enucleated eyes registered from October 2021 to October 2023 had been studied. Histopathological findings were evaluated according to age, sexlaterality, choroid, sclera, optic nerve, subarachnoid space involvement, necrosis, and calcification, degree of differentiation, chemotherapeutic effect and tumor regression after chemotherapy and histoprognostic factors. Grading and staging were done according to 8th AJCC classification of eye tumor. Results: Rosettes, necrosis, calcification were common histological findings in this study. High risk factor assessment was very crucial in staging and prognosis. Chemotherapy treated eyes showed varying degrees of response. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation guide further management to prevent metastasis.