Abstract
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of photombiomodulation (PBM) and locally applied simvastatin on bone formation in critical size defects of the experimental rat model calvarium. A total of 28 Spraque-Dawley male rats, mean age of 18 weeks, were used. Bilateral 5 mm critical sized calvarial defects were created. Then 0.5 mg/mL simvastatin solution was inoculated into gelatin sponge and locally applied on one side. The other side served as control. Half of the animals were subjected to PBM treatment and the remaining half were left for spontaneous healing. The animals were sacrificed by guillotine at days 8 and 15. The specimens were histopathologically analysed. The histopathologic evaluation revealed that the new bone formation levels were significantly higher at the 15th day compared to the 8th day. The bone formation levels with PBM and simvastatin treatment either combined or applied individually were significantly higher than the control ones. PBM and local simvastatin applications had favourable effects on the early phase of new bone formation and reduced the bone healing period in the rat model. Further human trials must be performed for evaluation of the reliability of this protocol.
Highlights
Current investigations are challenged daily by the need to recover bone loss due to surgical procedures, trauma or pathological conditions
According to Allen’ s scoring system, on the 8th postoperative day, the histological findings demonstrated that the new bone formation at the simvastatin-treated defect in Group I-A was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in Group II-A (Figures 1–4)
The obtained results suggested that 0.5 mg simvastatin solution and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) light PBM with a wavelength of 625 nm might have a positive effect on the early phase of wound healing of bone defects individually
Summary
Current investigations are challenged daily by the need to recover bone loss due to surgical procedures, trauma or pathological conditions. Several techniques for the repair of bone defects have been studied with the use of bone grafts and photobioengineering [1,2,3]. The procedure has significant limitations and disadvantages Owing to such issues, various materials have been developed as substitutes to autologous bone grafts [5]. Short shelf life and high prices are the main limitations to use these materials in clinical practise [10]. Eliminating these disadvantages using pharmacologic compounds that can upregulate the necessary autogenous growth factors is a cost-effective way to correct bone defects
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