Histomorphometric Evaluation of Peri-Implant Bone Response to Intravenous Administration of Zoledronate (Zometa®) in an Osteoporotic Rat Model.

Amani M Basudan,Jeroen J J P Van Den Beucken,Abdurahman A Niazy,John A Jansen,Marwa Y Shaheen,Hamdan S Alghamdi

doi:10.3390/ma13225248

Abstract

We evaluated the response to peri-implant bone placed in the femoral condyle of osteoporotic rats, following intravenous zoledronate (ZOL) treatment in three settings: pre-implantation (ZOL-Pre), post-implantation (ZOL-Post), and pre- + post-implantation (ZOL-Pre+Post). Twenty-four female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX). After 12 weeks, the rats received titanium implants in the right femoral condyle. ZOL (0.04 mg/kg, weekly) was administered to six rats 4 weeks pre-implantation and was stopped at implant placement. To another six rats, ZOL was given post-implantation and continued for 6 weeks. Additional six rats received ZOL treatment pre- and post-implantation. Control animals received weekly saline intravenous injections. At 6 weeks post-implantation, samples were retrieved for histological evaluation of the percentage of bone area (%BA) and of the percentage of bone-to-implant contact (%BIC). BA% for ZOL-Pre (29.6% ± 9.0%) and ZOL-Post (27.9% ± 5.6%) rats were significantly increased compared to that of the controls (17.3% ± 3.9%, p < 0.05). In contrast, ZOL-Pre+Post rats (20.4% ± 5.0%) showed similar BA% compared to Saline controls (p = 0.731). BIC% revealed a significant increase for ZOL-Post (65.8% ± 16.9%) and ZOL-Pre+Post (68.3% ± 10.0%) rats compared with that of Saline controls (43.3% ± 9.6%, p < 0.05), while ZOL-Pre rats (55.6% ± 19%) showed a BIC% comparable to that of Saline controls (p = 0.408). Our results suggest that receiving intravenous ZOL treatment before or after implant placement enhances peri-implant bone responses in terms of bone area. However, the effect of different ZOL treatment regimens on BIC% was found to be inconclusive.

Highlights

The worldwide use of dental implants is still increasing, as these fixtures offer many advantages above the more conventional prosthetic reconstruction of lost teeth [1]
Our results suggest that receiving intravenous ZOL treatment before or after implant placement enhances peri-implant bone responses in terms of bone area
A recent systematic review by Gelazius et al examined the effect of bisphosphonates on dental implant placement procedure, and the results showed no significant implant success rate difference in intravenously and orally medicated groups

Summary

Introduction

The worldwide use of dental implants is still increasing, as these fixtures offer many advantages above the more conventional prosthetic reconstruction of lost teeth [1]. This is because of improved long-term prognosis thanks to innovations in implant design [2]. Bone–implant integration can be challenging in compromised conditions, like in the absence of sufficient bone mass and density. Such a condition is frequently diagnosed in older adults and is called osteopenia [4]. Osteopenia is an initial condition that can develop into osteoporosis and Materials 2020, 13, 5248; doi:10.3390/ma13225248 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials

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