Abstract
AbstractBecause of its biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties, calcium-phosphate cement has been used as bone surrogate. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to do a histomorphometric comparison of bone regeneration using hydroxyapatite biphasic ceramic, calcium-phosphate cement and autogenous bone graft. Study DesignProspective and laboratorial experiment. Materials and MethodsTwo 5mm in diameter cavities (left and right - test and control) were made in the parietal bone of 72 rats. The GI, GII, GIII and GIV test cavities were filled with calcium-phosphate cement, biphasic ceramic hydroxyapatite, autogenous bone graft and blood. The animals were killed at 30, 60 and 90 days and the specimens underwent histomorphometric analysis. ResultsThe results showed that autogenous bone graft treated defects had significantly more new bone at 30 days compared to other test groups. Within 60 and 90 days, bone formation was more significant in the test groups GI, GII and GIII; GI and GII encompassed larger areas. Throughout the evaluation periods, GII tests showed more bone formation when compared to GI. ConclusionBiomaterials depicted a significantly increase in bone content, when compared to autogenous bone graft, concerning bone regeneration.
Highlights
Bone loss remains as one of the main problems within medical and dental specialties, very likely associated with the exposure of bone tissue to different physiological and pathological situations
The results showed that autogenous bone graft treated defects had significantly more new bone at 30 days compared to other test groups
Having in mind the larger material bioavailability, morbidity reduction, less surgical time, a greater facility to execute the surgery - provided by the filling up of osteoconduction material; the goal of the present paper is to investigate, through morphometric analysis, the process of bone regeneration, carefully measuring the bone malformation, influenced by calcium phosphate cement, biphasic hydroxyapatite ceramic and by the autogenous bone graft in the repair process of critical bone defects, made to the skull of Wistar lineage rats
Summary
Bone loss remains as one of the main problems within medical and dental specialties, very likely associated with the exposure of bone tissue to different physiological and pathological situations. The bone regenerative capacity has limitations and may fail, resulting in usually bone defects which are very large to be spontaneously filled in and repairing itself[1]. Recover and/or keep bone quality and volume in regions which lost their anatomical shape, different studies have tried to develop or improve new and promising biocompatible materials with osteoconduction properties, which promote bone defect repair[4,5,6,7]. Bone conduction materials are unable to induce cell differentiation of osteoblasts, they fill out the defect, guiding the new cells originated by osteoprogenitor cell proliferation, coming from the margins of the defect, as they promote bone neogenesis[5,6,7,9,10]
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