Histomorphometric Analysis of Osseointegrated Grade V Titanium Mini Transitional Implants in Edentulous Mandible by Backscattered Scanning Electron Microscopy (BS-SEM)

Víctor Beltrán,Ivan Valdivia-Gandur,Nicolás Fuentes,Benjamín Weber,Pablo Acuña-Mardones,Ricardo Lillo,María-Cristina Manzanares,Cristina Sanzana

doi:10.3390/met11010002

Víctor Beltrán, Ivan Valdivia-Gandur + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010002

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to assess the use of grade V titanium mini transitional implants (MTIs) immediately loaded by a temporary overdenture. For this, a histomorphometric analysis of the bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) was performed by backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BS-SEM). Four female patients were submitted to surgery in which two MTIs were installed and immediately loaded with a temporary acrylic prosthesis. During the same surgery, two regular diameter implants were placed inside the bone and maintained without mechanical load. After 8 months, the MTIs were extracted using a trephine and processed for ultrastructural bone analysis by BS-SEM, and the regular-diameter implants were loaded with an overdenture device. A total of 243 BAFOs of MTIs were analyzed, of which 94 were mainly filled with cortical bone, while 149 were mainly filled with trabecular bone. Bone tissue analysis considering the total BAFOs with calcified tissues showed 72.13% lamellar bone, 26.04% woven bone, and 1.82% chondroid bone without significant differences between the samples. This study revealed that grade V titanium used in immediately loaded MTI was successfully osseointegrated by a mature and vascularized bone tissue as assessed from the BAFO.

Highlights

One alternative to addressing the overly narrow residual ridges of the mandible is the use of dental mini implants [1], which represent an important therapeutic option in cases in which reconstructive surgeries are contraindicated or as an alternative to other surgical procedures that present greater morbidity [2]
Grade V titanium alloy is widely used to fabricate medical and dental implants due to its superior physical, mechanical [5,6], and biological properties compared to other available biomedical metals and alloys
The purpose of this study is to assess the use of grade V titanium mini transitional implants (MTIs) as immediately loaded implants for temporary overdenture, performing the analysis of the bone tissue close to the implant surface in human biopsies

Summary

Introduction

One alternative to addressing the overly narrow residual ridges of the mandible is the use of dental mini implants (with a diameter below 3 mm) [1], which represent an important therapeutic option in cases in which reconstructive surgeries are contraindicated or as an alternative to other surgical procedures that present greater morbidity [2]. For these cases, the use of alloys with improved mechanical properties is desired for use in dental implants [3]. Its resistance to corrosion, excellent biocompatibility, lightweight, and superior tribological properties make this material far superior to other metals and alloys and highly useful for dental application [7,8]

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