Histomorphometric analysis of bone formation after using simvastatin chitosan nanoparticles as a local delivery system in periodontal bony defects in rabbits

Abstract

Background: simvastatin (SV) has a characteristic effect on the regeneration of bony tissues and the decrease of bone resorption. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore the effect of locally applied simvastatin loaded in a chitosan nanoparticles as a delivery system for regeneration of bone in intrabony defects in a rabbit model. Materials and methods: This trial was carried out on 20 male albino New Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were randomly distributed into 4 groups where each group contained 5 rabbits (n=5) as follows: Group 1 (NC group) designed as the negative control, while, interventional groups where an intrabony defect was created designed as: Group 2 (PC) the positive control where the intrabony defects were covered with gingival flaps only. Group 3 (NP) and group 4 (SP) were received chitosan tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CS-TPP NPs) and medicated SV -CS-TPP NPs respectively. All the animals were euthanized after 6 weeks. Descriptive histological and histomorphometric analysis of specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) and Masson’s trichrome stain (M T) was done. Results: The histomorphometric analysis of area percent of newly bone formation in mm2 showed statistically significant differences between interventional study groups. SV -CS-TPP NPs treated group showed the highest mean of area percent of newly formed bone 37.33 ± 3.82, Group 3 (NP) 18.57 ± 3.42 , while group 2 (PC) showed the lowest one 6.21 ± 2.30. Conclusion: Chitosan nanoparticles as a carrier for local application of simvastatin optimizing the new bone formation in intabony periodontal defects.