Histomorphology panorama of neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions in a tertiary care center

Abstract

Introduction: Neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are one of the most common malignancies accounting for 11% of all cancers. There is an increasing burden of GI cancer worldwide, wherein gastric cancer ranks fourth and esophageal cancer ranks the eighth most common cancer. Histopathological confirmation is always necessary for planning appropriate treatment regimen. Hence, in this study, we aim to analyze and correlate with clinical parameters the spectrum of all GI neoplasms encountered in our institute. Materials and Methods: The present study is carried out during 5 years' period of all neoplastic GI specimens received in the department of pathology. Results: Of the total 259 biopsy and excised specimens from neoplastic cases, benign were 14 (5.4%) and malignant lesions were 245 (94.6%) with adenocarcinoma being the most common histotype. The frequency of male was marginally higher with M:F ratio of 1.1:1 was observed in all GI diseases with exception of gall bladder which revealed female predominance. The mean age of patients was 55.2 years. Colorectal carcinoma was more commonly observed (40.5%) than esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (27.4%). Conclusion: Neoplasm of the colorectal region was the most common followed by esophagus tumors. The most common age group affected was 51–60 years. With an increasing incidence of neoplastic lesion in GIT, prevalence and mortality of the disease can be minimized with early detection of lesion, histopathological examination being gold standard.