Histomorphological examination of the alveolar bone in periodontitis in an experiment

Abstract

RELEVANCE: The article presents the results of an experimental study conducted on Wistar rats. The creation of artificial periodontitis was carried out. The developed method of treatment using multipotent stem cells and an osteogenesis stimulator was applied.
 AIM: Improvement of methods of treatment of chronic periodontitis by enhancing bone regeneration. To study the histomorphological picture and the nature of clinical changes in the tissues of a pathologically altered periodontal in an experiment.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experimental studies were conducted at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry with a course of IDPO, in the central research laboratory, the laboratory of cell cultures, the immuno-histochemical laboratory of the BSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Observation period: 2020-2022 Prior to the experimental studies, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the pulp of a removed retinated human tooth. For the experiment, sexually mature Wistar rats in the amount of 50 individuals were used as a model. Experimental modeling of bone tissue destruction in periodontal was performed on the upper jaw in the area of the second molar and on the incisors of the lower jaw of rats. The obtained MMSCs were mixed with a drug stimulator of osteogenesis. The resulting mixture was introduced into the bone (periodontal) pockets of rats. A Septopak protective bandage was applied to fix the mass. The course of treatment is 3 procedures with an interval of 5 days. Observation of rats after the course of treatment was carried out in terms from 1 to 12 months.
 RESULTS: Experimental studies have shown a pronounced therapeutic effectiveness of using the method for the treatment of destructive changes in the alveolar bone in periodontitis, the possibility of complete restoration of the dentoalveolar papillae, as well as regeneration of periodontal tissues in the area of experimental destruction of bone tissue in periodontitis during the first 35 days. At the same time, there was a complete absence of signs of inflammation in the main group (bleeding, pathological mobility of teeth and gum discharge during palpation), which confirms the pronounced therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells and an osteogenesis stimulator.