Abstract
Abstract Embryo sac formation in borage (Borago officinalis L.) was of monosporic, Polygonum type. Zygotic embryogenesis resembled the Piperad type (Myosotis Variation) without a suspensor after the four-cell stage with free nuclear endosperm. Cotyledons were initiated 4 days after pollination (DAP) and grew rapidly until 12 to 14 DAP, with seed maturity at 18 DAP. There were two patterns of in vitro somatic embryo development from embryogenic callus: 1) from single cells, which proceeded through typical zygotic embryo stages; or 2) from groups of cells that developed as a meristem. The advanced stages of somatic embryogenesis were characterized by abnormal cotyledon and hypocotyl morphology and incomplete apical development.
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