Histology of the utricle in kinetotically swimming fish: a parabolic aircraft flight study

Abstract

ObjectiveHumans taking part in parabolic aircraft flights (PAFs) may suffer from space motion sickness, which is a form of kinetosis. As it has been repeatedly shown that some fish in a given batch also reveal kinetotic behaviour (especially so-called spinning movements and looping responses) during PAFs, and as a result of the homology of the vestibular apparatus of all vertebrates, fish can be used as model systems to investigate the origin of susceptibility to motion sickness. Therefore. we were prompted to examine the utricular maculae, which are responsible for the internalization of gravity in teleosteans of fish swimming kinetotically in microgravity (microg) in comparison with those of animals from the same batch who swam normally.Material and MethodsLarval cichlid fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) were subjected to PAFs. Post-flight, animals which had behaved normally or kinetotically during the microg phases were examined histologically The sizes of the inner ear utricular maculae as well as the numbers of sensory and supporting cells were determined.ResultsThe total numbers of both sensory and supporting cells of the utricular maculae did not differ between kinetotic and normally swimming fish. Cell density (number of sensory and supporting cells/100 µm2) was, however, reduced in kinetotic animals (p < 0.0001), which seemed to be due to the presence of malformed epithelial cells of increased size in the kinetotic specimens.ConclusionsThese results indicate that susceptibility to kinetosis may originate from genetically predisposed malformed sensory epithelia.