Histology of anterior capsule opacification with a polyHEMA/HOHEXMA hydrophilic hydrogel intraocular lens compared to poly(methyl methacrylate), silicone, and acrylic lenses

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the biocompatibility of various materials including a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate [HEMA])/(6-hydroxyhexyl methacrylate [HOHEXMA]) hydrophilic hydrogel intraocular lens (IOL) (Hydroview®, Bausch & Lomb). Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan. Methods Ten opacified anterior capsules were extracted, including 3 specimens with the Hydroview IOL. They were processed for light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and collagen types was also done to evaluate mesenchymal transition in lens epithelial cells (LECs). Results Anterior capsule opacification (ACO) in the 3 specimens with a polyHEMA/HOHEXMA hydrogel IOL contained more LECs and less extracellular matrix (ECM) than in the specimens with IOLs of other materials. Ultrastructural observation showed a well-organized collagenous ECM in tissues with an IOL of poly(methyl methacrylate), silicone, or soft acrylic material; an immature matrix was seen in specimens with a hydrogel IOL. The αSMA-positive LECs and collagen I and III, both types related to capsular wound healing, were detected in ACO. Conclusions A polyHEMA/HOHEXMA hydrogel IOL facilitated the proliferation of LECs on the anterior capsule compared with other IOLs of other materials but did not completely suppress mesenchymal transition of LECs. Extracellular matrix accumulation appeared immature and less with a polyHEMA/HOHEXMA hydrogel IOL.