Histological, ultrastructural, and biochemical study on the possible role of Panax ginseng in ameliorating liver injury induced by Lambda cyhalotherin

Manal Abdul-Hamid,Karim Zaied,Hanaa M Mohamed,Sanaa M Abd El-Twab

doi:10.1186/s43088-020-00076-6

Manal Abdul-Hamid, Karim Zaied + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-020-00076-6

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Abstract

BackgroundLambda-cyhalotherin (LCT) is a pyrithroid type 2 pesticide that is broadly utilized in pest control in public health, animal health, and agriculture. Although claiming that LCT has a low mammalian toxicity, several investigations reported its mammalian hepatotoxicity by mediating oxidative stress causes severe hepatotoxicity and liver damage.ResultsLCT significantly decreased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total thiol (T. thiol) and increased lipid peroxidation (LPO). mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 were upregulated, whereas Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression levels were downregulated in LCT-intoxicated animals. Also, light microscopic and ultrastructure studies for liver tissues of LCT-intoxicated animals showed mononuclear leukocytic infiltration in the parenchyma, congested portal vein with thickened wall, and proliferation of bile duct and hepatocytes with cytoplasmic vacuolations, fatty changes, and collagen fibers. Panax ginseng co-treatment attenuated oxidative stress biomarkers. Both tested doses of Panax ginseng (100 and 200 mg /kg b. wt./day) significantly decreased p53 and elevate Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression levels and reveals significant amelioration and restoration of normal histology and ultrastructure of liver, but 200 mg/kg b. wt. of Panax ginseng seems to be more potent.ConclusionPanax ginseng exhibited ameliorative effect against hepatic oxidative stress, apoptosis, histopathological, and ultrastructural changes induced by LCT.

Highlights

Lambda-cyhalotherin (LCT) is a pyrithroid type 2 pesticide that is broadly utilized in pest control in public health, animal health, and agriculture
2.2 Animals and experimental design Thirty-six male adult laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus domestica), which weighed around 135 ± 10 g. They were collected from the National Research Center (NRC), Doki, Giza, Egypt and kept under observation to exclude any intercurrent infection for 14 days before the start of the experiment
Body weight of control groups treated with either tested doses of G did not show any difference from normal control group (Fig. 1a)

Summary

Introduction

Lambda-cyhalotherin (LCT) is a pyrithroid type 2 pesticide that is broadly utilized in pest control in public health, animal health, and agriculture. Pyrethroids are a group of greater than 1000 strong wide range pesticides [2] presenting approximately 25% of the worldwide insecticide market [3]. They are synthesized analogues of natural pyrethrins which is the active ingredient in Chrysanthemum, Cineraria folium, flowers [4]. Lambda-cyhalotherin (LCT), type 2 pyrethroid, utilized for controlling a wide spectrum of ectoparasites mainly on sheep and cattle and to a smaller range in goats and pigs. It is used for controlling aphids and other pests in cereals, cotton various vegetables, and fruits agriculture. Malaria epidemic-prone areas were sprayed with LCT to kill vectors of malaria [6, 7]

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