Abstract
Introduction: The diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma has been found to be more prevalent in low risk countries like Cameroon. The objective of this study was to determine the most frequent histological type of gastric cancer found in Yaoundé and its association to the Helicobacter pylori infection. Materials and Methods: The registries of histopathology laboratories of 4 reference hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon have been reviewed for registered primitive gastric malignancies from July 2009 to May 2014. Paraffin blocks mounted on slides and stained with Hematoxylyn and Eosin of gastric cancer cases were re-stained Giemsa to search for Helicobacter pylori and they were classified using the criteria of Lauren in intestinal type or diffuse type. Results: Forty-two cases were reviewed: 25 (59.5%) of them were intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma, 11 (26.2%) were diffuse type, 4 (9.5%) were malignant gastric lymphoma, 1 (2.4%) was a stromal tumor, and 1 (2.4%) was a colloid carcinoma. The most common site of location was the proximal gastric portion (52.2%). The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 88.1%, most common with the intestinal type (100%) and malignant lymphoma (100%) than with the diffuse type (72.2%) (p = 0.007). Conclusion: The most common type of gastric adenocarcinoma in Cameroon is the intestinal type and Helicobacter pylori infection is more common in the intestinal type and malignant gastric lymphoma than in the diffuse type. The Helicobacter pylori eradication campaigns are needed.
Highlights
The diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma has been found to be more prevalent in low risk countries like Cameroon
The sex ratio (M/F) of gastric adenocarcinoma was 3:1; the main location was the proximal gastric region that accounts for 52.2% (19/36) (p = 0.672)
We found that 76% (19/25) of the cases of intestinal type were diagnosed in patients of more than 50 years, while 63.6% (7/11) of cases of diffuse type were diagnosed in those under 50 years
Summary
The diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma has been found to be more prevalent in low risk countries like Cameroon. The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 88.1%, most common with the intestinal type (100%) and malignant lymphoma (100%) than with the diffuse type (72.2%) (p = 0.007). Conclusion: The most common type of gastric adenocarcinoma in Cameroon is the intestinal type and Helicobacter pylori infection is more common in the intestinal type and malignant gastric lymphoma than in the diffuse type. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection which is associated with the distal form of intestinal type gastric cancer is a specific factor [9]-[11]. There is an ongoing controversy on the low prevalence of gastric cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa a region with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection [12] [13]
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