Abstract
Problem statement: Uterine cervix which separates the uterus from the vagina, shows remarkable anatomical and histological differences among mammalian species. Since no cleared observations have been found in regards with the Ca spian miniature horses' cervix, the aim of the pres ent study was to supplement this missing information which could be helpful for providing a stricter basis in detecting reproductive diseases and abnormalities i n this valuable species. Approach: Cervices from 4 female adult healthy Caspian miniature horses disse cted immediately after death and samples of 1cm thickness from 3 regions of cervix (endocervix, mid cervix and exocervix) fixed with 10% buffered formalin. Routine histological laboratory methods w ere used and 6 µm paraffin slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Periodic acid-Schiff, Masson's t richrome and verhoeff methods and studied under light microscope. Heights of primary, secondary and tertiary folds and mucosal glands measured with computer software. Results: The cervix comprised of primary, secondary and ter tiary fold with Simple columnar epithelium in endocervix and midcervix and most cranial part of the exocervices and changes into the non keratinized stratified squamou s and a transitional form with stratified squamous with columnar cells, near the vagina. Lamina propri a and sub mucosa made of collagenous dense connective tissue with abundant arterial and venues plexus. Simple tubular glands observed at the base of secondary folds of endocervix and midcervix. The muscularis layer contained of inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscles. Serous layer cov ered the cervix from the outside. Conclusion: Our finding showed that the cervix uteri in Caspian min iature horse, like other horses and ruminants, are a collagenous structure, with tall longitudinal fold throughout the length. Secretion of mucus from the mucosal glands is less obvious than ruminant.
Highlights
Caspian Miniature horse is an ancient breed of small horses rediscovered on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea in 1960 and small numbers of them exist in a semi-feral state in the rice paddies, cotton fields and forests of the remote Elburz Mountains with governmental protection to prevent extinction
Since the lamina epithelialis mucosae is lined by glandular simple columnar in the cow and women, is glandless and simple columnar in the horse and glandless stratified squamous in canine
They found that the mucosa in macaques contained a large number of crypts with complex structure, length, width, direction and degree of branching, which were longer in exocervix, whereas, small crypts, clefts and long tunnels existed in the midcervix
Summary
Caspian Miniature horse is an ancient breed of small horses rediscovered on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea in 1960 and small numbers of them exist in a semi-feral state in the rice paddies, cotton fields and forests of the remote Elburz Mountains with governmental protection to prevent extinction. Pathologists ask to know the normal structure of different parts of reproductive system in this species to define the pathologic cases from the normal ones, especially for those cases of infertility or low fertile ones with no clinical signs. One of these problems has been related to the cervix, the valve to close the uterine lumen from the vagina. Referring to the available literatures, cervix shows remarkable anatomical and histological differences among mammalian species (Banks, 1993; Dellmann and Eurell, 1998; Hafez and Hafez, 2000; Huchzermeyer et al, 2005). In The women the main bulk of the cervix is composed of tough, collage nous tissue
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More From: American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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