Histological study of bone quality in the implant sites prepared by the drilling and expansion techniques

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Bone drilling and expansion techniques are used for implant site preparation, with inherent advantages and disadvantages. Histological studies comparing these two techniques are limited. This study aimed to histologically assess the bone quality in the implant sites prepared by the bone drilling and expansion techniques. Materials and Methods: This experimental animal study was conducted on three sheep. Four sites were chosen in the mandible of sheep and implant holes were created by bone drilling and expansion techniques in an alternate fashion. The first sheep underwent vital perfusion immediately after surgery. The second and the third sheep were subjected to vital perfusion 19 and 26 days after surgery, respectively. The collected samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the percentage of osteogenesis, the amount of ossification and sequester area were measured by computer assisted histomorphometric analysis system. The amount of inflammation was estimated for each sample, considering the frequency of inflammatory cells infiltration in terms of degree of inflammation as zero, less than 10% and more than 10% under x400 magnification Results: The rate of osteogenesis on day 19 was 22.22 % in the drilling and 20.33 % in the expansion group. These values were 28.69 % and 22.52 %, respectively on day 26. The amount of sequesters was 15.05 and 18.77 in the drilling and expansion groups, respectively on day 0. These values were 0 and 3.22, respectively on day 19 and zero for both groups on day 26. Conclusion: No significant difference was noted between the drilling and expansion techniques for implant site preparation in terms of degree of inflammation or rate of osteogenesis. The amount of sequesters was different between the two groups in the first days after surgery but no significant difference was noted in this regard between the two groups after 3 weeks.