Histological Structure of Dentate Gyrus in Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Role of Nitraetes in Protection

Abstract

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a hell mark of stroke that happens if blood supply is returned back after a period of ischemia. However, the benefit from restored blood supply by reperfusion can cause bad effect compared to permanent occlusion. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze morphological alterations in dentate gyrus tissue during ischemia and its effects on histology of cells and to understand mechanisms of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury to develop effective therapy. Results: Many experiments proved that the mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury include complement activation, leukocyte infiltration, oxidative stress, platelet adhesion and aggregation and mitochondrial-mediated mechanisms leading to blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption, which leads to brain edema. Conclusion: In summary, over the past few years there have been significant advancement in our understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain. The major mechanisms of reperfusion injury are clear but are still far from being clinically successful. Thus, further investigations on brain reperfusion injury mechanisms are wanted. Also, role of nitrates in protection for ischemia-reperfusion brain injury.