Histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study of the effect of triclosan and its withdrawal on cauda epididymis of adult albino rat

Abstract

Background: Triclosan (TCS) is a bactericide used in many daily products. TCS potential for endocrine disruption is suspected to impact male reproductive system.Aim of the study: Is to evaluate the effect of TCS and its withdrawal on the cauda epididymis of adult albino rat using different histological and biochemical techniques.Materials & Methods: Twenty-one adult male albino rats were equally divided into 3 groups; control, TCS-treated (administered 200mg/kg/day for 8weeks) and TCS-withdrawal group (administered 200mg/kg/day for 8weeks then left without treatment for 8weeks). Serum testosterone was quantified and epididymal specimens were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical staining against androgen receptor was performed.Results: TCS-treated group revealed a significant decrease in serum testosterone. Principal cells showed vacuoles compressing their nuclei, some pyknotic nuclei and sparse stereocilia. Many adluminal halo cells were observed. The epithelial lining depicted focal areas of stratification and areas of discontinuity. Widened interstitium inbetween the ducts with cellular infiltrations and some congested blood vessels were observed. Mallory-trichrome staining revealed prominent collagen fibers surrounding the epididymal ducts and blood vessels and an enhanced Periodic-Acid-Schiff reaction in the thickened basal lamina coupled to a diminished Periodic-Acid-Schiff reaction in the apical parts of the epididymal epithelial cells. A weak nuclear androgen receptor immunoreaction in the epididymal epithelial lining of the ducts was detected. Ultrastructural examination depicted principal cells with irregular nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm with many lysosomes, dilated Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Irregular apical cytoplasmic projections and sparse stereocilia were observed. Clear cells showed some cytoplasmic projections, large apical vacuoles and few lipid droplets. Migrating halo cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were observed. Withdrawal group showed a near normal histology.Conclusion: TCS has extremely affected the epididymal lining through acting as an endocrine disruptor. Withdrawal of TCS exerted a satisfactory outcome.