Histological evaluation at different times after augmentation of extraction sites grafted with a magnesium‐enriched hydroxyapatite: double‐blinded randomized controlled trial

Abstract

To histologically analyze the early angiogenesis-osteogenesis interplay in post-extraction sockets augmented with magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite (Mg-enriched HA). Ten post-extraction sites underwent post-extraction ridge preservation procedure. According to randomization, sites were divided into two balanced groups and bone specimens were collected 2 or 4months after surgery. Sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin, Masson-Goldner trichrome, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), respectively. Furthermore, indirect immunohistochemistry was performed using alkaline phosphatase, CD34 and caveolin-1 antibodies. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each outcome variable. Data were then compared using one-way ANOVA test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Histomorphometric analysis presented 15.0% (±3.5) regenerated bone after 2months of healing. After 4months, regenerated bone increased 5.1-fold up to 77.4% (± 8.6) (P<0.001). On the contrary, vessels and capillary reduced from 645 (±33) to 255 (± 94) (caveolin-1 expression, P=0.008). These findings were confirmed by CD34 expression (301±95 and 88 (±24), respectively, at 2 and 4months (P=0.046). Within the limits of the present randomized controlled study, it can be concluded that Mg-enriched HA is a suitable material for socket preservation and ensures early angiogenesis and early osteogenesis.