Histological and Molecular Characterization of Grape Early Ripening Bud Mutant.

Da-Long Guo,Yi-He Yu,Yan-Yan Shi,Fei-Fei Xi,Guo-Hai Zhang

doi:10.1155/2016/5620106

Abstract

An early ripening bud mutant was analyzed based on the histological, SSR, and methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) analysis and a layer-specific approach was used to investigate the differentiation between the bud mutant and its parent. The results showed that the thickness of leaf spongy tissue of mutant (MT) is larger than that of wild type (WT) and the differences are significant. The mean size of cell layer L2 was increased in the mutant and the difference is significant. The genetic background of bud mutant revealed by SSR analysis is highly uniform to its parent; just the variations from VVS2 SSR marker were detected in MT. The total methylation ratio of MT is lower than that of the corresponding WT. The outside methylation ratio in MT is much less than that in WT; the average inner methylation ratio in MT is larger than that in WT. The early ripening bud mutant has certain proportion demethylation in cell layer L2. All the results suggested that cell layer L2 of the early ripening bud mutant has changed from the WT. This study provided the basis for a better understanding of the characteristic features of the early ripening bud mutant in grape.

Highlights

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most widely cultivated fruit trees in the world, which have been cultivated for thousands of years for fresh fruit, dried fruit, and wine production
The aim of this study was to investigate the differentiation between the early ripening bud mutant and its parent lines based on the histological, Single Sequence Repeat (SSR), and methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) analysis using a layerspecific approach
The samples were collected from the experimental vineyard of Henan University of Science and Technology located in the county of Yanshi, Luoyang, China (34.41∘N, 112.46∘E)

Summary

Introduction

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most widely cultivated fruit trees in the world, which have been cultivated for thousands of years for fresh fruit, dried fruit, and wine production. There are thousands of grape varieties in the world Many of these varieties have been derived from crosses among or between species to produce new cultivars. The most important group is from crosses between V. vinifera and V. labrusca, such as “Kyoho” which is developed to produce a large berry [1]. It was introduced to China in 1959 from Japan It has many eminent advantages, large berries, high production, and adaptation to high temperature, rainy, and wet environments [2]. An early ripening bud mutant of “Kyoho,” “Fengzao,” was recently presented [2]. It matures in early July in Henan Province, China, and nearly one month earlier than “Kyoho.” All of its traits are similar to those of “Kyoho” except the ripening date. The pehontypic and physiological differences between the bud mutant and its parent have been investigated in detail [3, 4]

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Conclusion