Abstract
Utilization of functional-protective coatings for implants based on corundum ceramics seems promising from the point of view of stability, bioinertness, and low cost. In order to study the histological criteria for evaluating the osteoinductive properties of functional protective coatings, 6 types of coatings were studied on an experimental animal model: 90 Wistar rats were implanted with 6 test types of implants with various combinations of surface treatment (sand-blasting, surface treatment with a plasma torch with simultaneous application of aluminum oxide, powdered titanium, etc.) with an exposure of 1, 2 and 4 weeks. After euthanasia, a histological examination of decalcified bone with Masson-Goldner trichrome staining and TRAP-histochemical reaction for osteoclasts was performed. The obtained results demonstrated significantly higher osteoinductive properties of functional protective coatings with a more pronounced roughness (Ra>10 μm) compared to an untreated titanium surface after 2 (p<0.01) and 4 (p<0.05) weeks of implantation. The corundum ceramic coating prevented the formation of implant wear particles, hence contributed to the stabilization of the newly formed bone. Therefore, the use of functional protective implant coatings based on corundum ceramics can increase the survival rate of conventional titanium implants, since the combination of factors such as surface roughness, mechanical stability, and chemical inertness of coatings with corundum ceramics provides better osteoinductive properties of implant materials.
Highlights
Bone tissue capacity to repair completely with full recovery of its histological architecture and function gave rise to miscellaneous successful approaches in bone injury treatment
The use of functional-protective coatings based on corundum ceramics for conventional titanium implants can be the key to successful peri-implant regeneration
The assessment of dynamics and quality of bone healing appears as a practical dilemma, which could be solved with adopting the fundamentals of osseous tissue repair biology that allow to find the weak points and appropriate methods of their correction
Summary
Bone tissue capacity to repair completely with full recovery of its histological architecture and function gave rise to miscellaneous successful approaches in bone injury treatment Notwithstanding this advantage, the concept of a critical-size bone defect that cannot be healed without the use of assistive technologies has been introduced and actively developed in the last decades. Reparative regeneration of any tissue requires the presence of three components, so-called "tissue triad": scaffold, cells and growth factors [13] Their interaction can trigger, determine the sequence of events, and accomplish the programmed process of reparative regeneration. The objective of this study was to assess the histological hallmarks of the short-term events of peri-implant healing in experimental intramedullary bone defect, and to identify the impact of surface and compositional characteristics of functional and protective implant coatings on peri-implant regeneration, including the use of corundum ceramics
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