Abstract
Delayed union and nonunion fractures are clinical challenges for orthopedic surgeons. The development of fracture complications, such as delayed union and nonunion fractures, is still difficult to predict. Various methods are being investigated to improve fracture healing and prevent complications in patients. There are various methods to promote fracture healing, broadly divided into biological, chemical, and physical methods. One of the most widely used physical methods to promote fracture healing is the pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). This study aimed to evaluate the healing process of delayed union fracture after being stimulated by PEMF. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (n = 12) and the PEMF group (n = 12). Delayed union fracture was performed on the left femur of all rats. Subsequently, the PEMF group was given PEMF stimulus with a magnetic field intensity of 1.6 mT and a frequency of 50 Hz for 4 hours/day and 7 days/week. The fracture healing process was evaluated on days 5, 10, 18, and 28 based on the bone callus histology using safranin O fast green (SOFG) staining. The results of the histological analysis showed that bone cartilage was higher in the PEMF group than in the control group throughout the observation period. In addition, the PEMF group had less fibrous tissue at the beginning of the healing. This finding indicates PEMF stimulation has an effect on inducing osteogenesis on fracture healing and reducing the risk of delayed union.
Highlights
Delayed union and nonunion fractures are clinical challenges for orthopedic surgeons. e development of fracture complications, such as delayed union and nonunion fractures, is still difficult to predict
The pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) group was given PEMF stimulus with a magnetic field intensity of 1.6 mT and a frequency of 50 Hz for 4 hours/day and 7 days/week. e fracture healing process was evaluated on days 5, 10, 18, and 28 based on the bone callus histology using safranin O fast green (SOFG) staining. e results of the histological analysis showed that bone cartilage was higher in the PEMF group than in the control group throughout the observation period
Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) is a biophysical method that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved to promote fracture healing. The efficacy of this method depends on physical parameters, including frequency, amplitude, and exposure time [4]. e application of PEMF stimulus to promote fracture healing is based on Wolff’s law, namely, when given mechanical force, the bone will adapt by deposition of the Scientifica new bone in the area of compression and absorption of bone in the tension area [5]
Summary
Delayed union and nonunion fractures are clinical challenges for orthopedic surgeons. e development of fracture complications, such as delayed union and nonunion fractures, is still difficult to predict. Delayed union and nonunion fractures are clinical challenges for orthopedic surgeons. One of the most widely used physical methods to promote fracture healing is the pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). Is study aimed to evaluate the healing process of delayed union fracture after being stimulated by PEMF. E fracture healing process was evaluated on days 5, 10, 18, and 28 based on the bone callus histology using safranin O fast green (SOFG) staining. Methods to promote delayed union fracture healing with improved efficacy and minimal side effects have been developed, including physical methods. The effect of PEMF stimulus on fracture healing on the delayed union model in mice will be evaluated. Fracture healing was analyzed based on histological parameters of bone callus using safranin O fast green (SOFG) staining
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