Abstract
The current investigation was carried out to explore the sequence of prenatal histological and histochemical events associating with the morphogenesis of the vagina in dromedary camel. From 135 mm CVRL stage on, the vaginal canal was representing the caudal continuation of the cervical thickening. The vaginal mucosa was thrown into incompletely separated longitudinal folds as a result of incomplete separation of the interplical epithelium. The lamina epithelialis was made up of 2 to 4 layers of polygonal cells. At 185 mm CVRL stage, the vaginal epithelial lining on the summits and sides of the longitudinal folds had been invaginated into the underlying lamina propria resulting in the formation of secondary folds. The musculosa was in the form of interrupted, circular bundles of smooth myocytes that increased in thickness with increasing age. The adventitial vaginal covering was made up of mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts associated with argyrophilic, and fine collagenic fibers with many thin-walled blood vessels. At 210 mm CVRL stage, the muscular coat became differentiated into an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of isolated bundles of smooth muscle fibers separated by stromal elements. At 465 – 630 mm CVRL stage, the developing vagina showed highly folded mucosa with stratified squamous epithelial lining containing glycogen material which was denser among the superficial epithelial layers. At the end of developmental stages, the lamina epithelialis became stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium with slightly wavy basement membrane. The vaginal masculosa was differentiated into three layers; inner and outer longitudinal layers and middle circular one of smooth muscle bundles. With increasing age, a gradual increase of acid phosphatase, ATPase and Succenic dehydrogenase (SDH) reaction was observed especially in the epithelial lining and muscular coat of the vagina. A progressive increase of sudanophilic reaction and alkaline phosphatase activity was noticed among the different layers of the vaginal wall through the studied stages.
Highlights
Patten [1], reported that the common primordium of the urethra and lower part of the vagina are outlined as the urogenital sinus, whereas the primordium of the upper portion of the vagina is associated with the uterine canal, which originates from the fused paramesonephric ducts
The present study demonstrates that the camel’s vaginal canal can be identified at the 135 mm Crown Vertebral Rump Lengths (CVRL) stage representing the caudal continuation of the cervical thickening
Our work demonstrated that the vaginal epithelial lining was made up of 2 to 4 layers of polygonal cells at 135 mm CVRL stage became stratified squamus non keratinized epithelium with slightly wavy basement membrane
Summary
Patten [1], reported that the common primordium of the urethra and lower part of the vagina are outlined as the urogenital sinus, whereas the primordium of the upper portion of the vagina is associated with the uterine canal, which originates from the fused paramesonephric ducts. Sebe et al [2], stated that, after the tip of the uterine canal reaches the urogenital sinusa, solid vaginal plate grows out from the dorsal aspect of the urogenital sinus. In contrast to the simple columnar uterine epithelium, the differentiation response of vaginal epithelium is more complex and involves the generation and differentiation of multiple suprabasal cell layers [4]. Kurita et al [5], revealed that at 16-18 days of gestation in the mouse, epithelial tissues of the female reproductive tract (uterine, Müllerian, and sinus vaginal epithelia) were recognizable and were beginning to show distinctive differences in gene expression
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