Abstract
The histological and histochemical studies were carried out on 60 camel embryos and foetuses eye balls of different Crown Vertebral Rump Length (CVRL). Paraffin sections were prepared and subjected to different stains. The present study revealed that, the optic pit was detected at 0.8 cm CVRL, as shallow groove on either side of the neural folds. The optic vesicle was observed at 1.5 cm CVRL, comprising from neuroectodermal cells, which became modified into a crescentic cup-like structure representing the optic cup at 2 cm CVRL. The optic cup was comprised from outer pigmented epithelium and the inner neuroblastic layer. The ganglion cells were distinctly differentiated at 6 cm CVRL, which separated from neuroblastic cells by the inner plexiform layer. The inner nuclear layer was firstly observed at 30 cm CVRL, which exhibited its full differentiation at 35 cm CVRL and became separated from the outer nuclear layer by the outer plexiform layer. First appearance of the photoreceptor cells was observed at 55 cm CVRL, which differentiated into outer and inner segments at 74 cm CVRL. All the layers of the retina were completely differentiated at 98 cm CVRL, comprising ten retinal layers.
Highlights
Knowledge of induction, neuron proliferation and differentiation of different cell types of retina is very important to explain the causes of some congenital anomalies that cause significant visual deficits as retinal separation and immaturation of photoreceptor cells [1,2]
At 0.8 cm Crown Vertebral Rump Length (CVRL), the present study detected the optic pits as a pair of shallow groove on either side of the neural folds
At 1.5 cm CVRL, our results had revealed that the optic vesicle was formed as a result of aggregation of neuroectodermal cells at lateral sides of primitive fore-brain
Summary
Neuron proliferation and differentiation of different cell types of retina is very important to explain the causes of some congenital anomalies that cause significant visual deficits as retinal separation and immaturation of photoreceptor cells [1,2]. Development of the mammalian retina is a highly organized process which originating from neuroectodermal cells through induction of the optic pit, optic vesicle and the optic cup [3,4,5]. A few available literatures described the histogenesis of camel retina as Ahmed et al [6] and Abdel-Moniem [7]. The present work was undertaken with the aim of establishing the early prenatal histological and histochemical changes of camel’s retina associating with the induction, proliferation and differentiation of the retina
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