Abstract
Background: Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication with prostaglandin synthesis inhibiting properties. It has long been used to treat a variety of testicular problems and symptoms. However, the use of NSAIDs for specific disorders has generated some concerns due to their ability to trigger apoptosis in a variety of cells. Objective: The goal of this study was to discover if Diclofenac sodium had any effect on the reproductive function of the testes. Methods: Ten male Wistar rats (160 – 200g weight) were randomly distributed into two groups designated as groups A and B respectively. The rats in group A were injected with physiological saline while the rats in group B were given 5mg/kg Diclofenac sodium (IM) for three days. Twenty-four hours (24hrs) after the administration of the last respective dose, the rats were euthanized using Ketamine (10mg/kg IM). The testes were excised, fixed in Bouin’s fluid (48hrs), and subsequently processed according to the general techniques of tissue processing and microtomy as described by Bancroft and Gamble. Serial sections (5µm thickness) of the paraffin-embedded testicular tissue were obtained for the individual stains to be carried out. Results: Diclofenac sodium caused a considerable (p<0.05) loss in body weight of the experimental rats, as well as a significant (p<0.05) reduction in their sperm counts and motility, with an increase in the number of immotile sperm cells. When compared to the control group, rats given Diclofenac sodium showed a significant decrease in testicular carbohydrate, as well as decreased Ki67 and increased Cyclin D1 expression. Conclusions: Our data support the hypothesis that acute injection of Diclofenac sodium at a dose of 5 mg/kg for three days produces testicular injury and inhibits reproductive functioning. This paper discusses the immunohistochemistry effects of diclofenac sodium on testes.
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