Abstract
Cardiac pacing remains the only definitive therapy for nonreversible bradycardia. The deleterious effects of long-term right ventricular (RV) apical pacing have been well recognized. Physiological pacing is to mobilize the intrinsic conduction system as much as possible or mimics a full cycle of atrioventricular activation and would provide an optimal clinical outcome and improve traditional RV apical and cardiac resynchronization therapy biventricular pacing modalities. His bundle pacing (HBP) and bundle area pacing are emerging modalities for a possible better electrophysiological performance. In this review, definition, characteristics, and evidence on the advantages or disadvantages of HBP and its alternatives are discussed.
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