Hirsutism and Polycystic Ovarian Morphology are the Most Frequent Components of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women with Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. In Mexico, its prevalence in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown. To evaluate the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with T1D with and without PCOS. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate women of reproductive age with T1D for the diagnosis of PCOS using the criteria of the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Clinical information was obtained from clinical records, and we recorded anthropometric variables and performed a laboratory test during the follicular phase. The estimated glucose disposal rate and visceral adiposity index were also calculated to assess insulin resistance. Subsequently, participants were evaluated based on the presence or absence of PCOS. Thirty-nine percent of patients with T1D had PCOS. The most frequent components of PCOS were polycystic ovary morphology (58.5%), clinical hyperandrogenism (41.5%), oligomenorrhea (29.2%), and biochemical hyperandrogenism (19.5%). Patients with PCOS used more insulin per day (1.04 ± 0.33 vs. 0.71 ± 0.29 IU/kg/d, p=0.003), had lower fasting glucose (116.4 ± 59.79 vs. 161.16 ± 63.9 mg/dl, p=0.029) and higher right ovarian volume (11.36 [8.64-15.89] vs. 6.9 [5.55-8.77] cm3, p=0.005) and Ferriman-Gallwey scores (9.06 ± 2.05 vs. 7.12 ± 3.15 points, p=0.035) compared to patients without PCOS. The frequency of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS was 37.5 and 18.8%, respectively. PCOS is a very heterogeneous entity, with a high frequency in women with T1D.