Abstract
The hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) both play indispensable roles in memory formation, and, importantly, a hippocampal oscillation known as ripple is key to the consolidation of new memory. However, it remains unclear how the hippocampus and RSC communicate and the role of ripple oscillation in coordinating information exchange between these two brain regions. Here we recorded from the dorsal hippocampus and RSC simultaneously in freely-behaving mice during sleep and revealed that the RSC displayed a shift of fast-to-slow oscillations preceding hippocampal ripples. Immediately after ripples, a group of RSC putative inhibitory neurons increased firing activity, while most RSC putative excitatory neurons decreased activity. Consistently, optogenetic activation of this hippocampus-to-RSC pathway activates and suppresses RSC putative inhibitory and excitatory neurons, respectively. These results suggest that the dorsal hippocampus mainly inhibits RSC activity via its direct innervation of RSC inhibitory neurons, which overshadows the RSC in supporting learning and memory functions.
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