Hipoxemia y el riesgo de hipertensión arterial en apnea obstructiva del sueño

Abstract

Introduction: there is limited information about the role of hypoxemia degree as a risk factor for hypertension (HTN) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The objective of this study is to assess hypoxemia as an independent risk factor for HTN in a work model based on real-life patients examined at sleep unit. Methods: this retrospective study consisted of a predictive model using multiple logistic regression to establish the relationship between HTN and age, sex, body mass index (BMI), apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and time below SO2 ≤ 90% (T90 ≥ 3%). Results: we included 3.854 patients (median age: 55 years), mostly men (61.5%). According to the model, the variables that were significantly associated with HTN were: age (OR: 3.27 – 3.29, CI95% 2.83 – 3.80, p < 0.0001), male sex (OR 1.35, CI95% 1.17 – 1.56, p < 0.001), Obesity (OR 1.83, CI95% 1.59 – 2.11, p < 0.0001), AHI > 15 events per hour (OR 1.22, CI95% 1.05 – 1.43, p < 0.01) and T90 ≥ 3% (OR 1.56 – 1.57, CI95% 1.32 – 1.84, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: in a clinical population of subjects suspected of OSA, nocturnal hypoxemia measure as T90 ≥ 3% was associated with HTN.