Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of serum neuron specific enolase on the prediction of central nervous system injury and the clinical course in patients to have hyponatremia.
 Materials and Methods: 75 adult patients with serum sodium levels less than 135 mEq/L were evaluated. The patients were grouped according to serum neuron specific enolase levels (group 1 ≤ 17.0 ng/mL and group 2 > 17.0 ng/mL). The groups were compared according to demographic and laboratory data. 
 Results: The incidence of hypertension, heart failure, and loss of consciousness was significantly higher in group 2 patient. High neuron specific enolase levels were related to lower serum sodium levels. The mean sodium levels were 129.5 ± 4.3 mEq/L and 126 ± 4.5 mEq/L in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Of the patients in group 2 (n = 45), 8 patients with loss of consciousness (low Glasgow Coma Scale scores) (i.e.
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