HIPERTENSÃO PORTAL E CATETERISMO UMBILICAL: CORRELAÇÃO E FATORES ASSOCIADOS

Abstract

Objective: Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis (EHPVT) is an atypical condition in pediatrics, although rare, it represents an important clinical problem, as it is one of the most common causes of portal hypertension in children. The objective of this study is to identify the main factors associated with portal hypertension in children, with a main focus on umbilical vein catheterization (UVC) in the neonatal period. Methodology: A literature review of the last 10 years was carried out through a bibliographic search in the PUBMED database with the descriptors “umbilical vein catheterization” and “portal vein thrombosis”. In addition, the articles cited in the references of the works selected in the initial research and in the textbooks were consulted. Results and Discussion: The most common risk factors for EHPVT in descending order are: neonatal umbilical vein catheterization (73.2%), bacterial infections (47.62%), thrombophilia (35%), dehydration (19.08%). The UVC, through the mechanism of endothelial injury, and modification of the local flow causing blood turbulence, is the main cause of TEHVP in children. Final Considerations: Neonatal umbilical catheterization, although safe, has been identified as a cause of portal vein thrombosis, leading to portal hypertension syndrome and its complications. Measures such as prevention of neonatal infections and confirmation of the location of the UVC and shorter length of stay of the central catheter seem to influence the outcome of the patient to evolve with TEHVP.