Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) currently represents the most common cause of death worldwide. Hyperlipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor which may be the result of interaction between genetic and environmental factors (primary hyperlipidemias) or related to other diseases (secondary hyperlipidemia). The primary hyperlipidemias are classified into primary hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and mixed hyperlipidemia. All of them are often familiarly, with a polygenic inheritance influenced by factors such as obesity or fat diet. Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia and familial hypertriglyceridemia are the most prevalent disorders in general population. Familial combined hyperlipidemia is the most common genetic hyperlipidemia, although there is no specific genetic marker. The primary hypertriglyceridemia represents the 50% of patients remitted to lipid units. An early diagnosis and adequate treatment of are vital in CVD prevention.
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