Hip Arthroscopy and Core Decompression for Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head Using a Specific Aiming Guide: A Step-by-Step Surgical Technique

Abstract

Avascular necrosis of the femoral (AVN) head is a disabling disease that affects function, mobility, and quality of life in the young adult. Its pathology involves blood circulation disruption of the femoral head and subchondral infarction. This leads to cartilage thinning, femoral head depression, and cartilage breakage, which results in hip osteoarthritis. In the past decade the prevalence of intraarticular pathology has been almost 95%, this revealed with hip arthroscopy (HA). HA and core decompression (CD) of the femoral head can be used effectively and concomitantly to treat AVN with excellent results, HA allows for excellent visualization of the hip joint cartilage, allowing treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and intra-articular pathology. Our technique demonstrates that retrograde core decompression with allograft and mixed bone matrix is an excellent choice of treatment in the early stages of AVN/ONFH. The femoral head–specific aiming guide is very reliable, is simple to use arthroscopically if placed in the posterolateral portal of the hip, and offers exact pin placement at the necrotic site, as well as less operative time and less radiation to the patient and surgical team.