Abstract
Background: The protein hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HILPDA) is differentially expressed in various tumors. However, its role and correlation with immune cell infiltration in most tumors remain unclear.Methods: HILPDA expression was analyzed in pan-cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The influence of HILPDA in clinical prognosis was evaluated using clinical survival data from TCGA. Enrichment analysis of HILPDA was conducted using the R package “clusterProfiler.” We downloaded the immune cell infiltration score of TCGA samples from published articles and analyzed the correlation between the magnitude of immune cell infiltration and HILPDA expression.Results: HILPDA was highly expressed and associated with worse overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free interval in most tumor types. In addition, HILPDA expression was significantly associated with the glycolysis pathway and infiltration of immune cells. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration increased in tissues with high HILPDA expression in most tumor types. Immunosuppressive genes, such as PD-L1, PD-1, TGFB1, and TGFBR1 were positively correlated with HILPDA.Conclusions: Our study suggests that HILPDA is a marker of poor prognosis. High HILPDA may contribute to TAM infiltration and be associated with tumor immunosuppression status.
Highlights
Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet associated protein (HILPDA) plays an oncogenic role in various tumor types
The analysis results revealed that HILPDA expression was higher in 14 tumors, including Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA), Breast Invasive Carcinoma (BRCA), Cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), Colon Adenocarcinoma (COAD), Esophageal Carcinoma (ESCA), Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSC), Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC), Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRP), Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC), Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD), Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC), Prostate Adenocarcinoma (PRAD), Prostate Adenocarcinoma (READ), and Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UCEC), while lower expression was observed in Thyroid Carcinoma (THCA) (Figure 1A)
For paired tumors and normal tissues, HILPDA was overexpressed in tumor tissues of BLCA, BRCA, CHOL, COAD, HNSC, KIRC, Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), LIHC, LUAD, LUSC, and Rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) (Figures 1B–L)
Summary
Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet associated protein (HILPDA) plays an oncogenic role in various tumor types. HILPDA is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and promotes cancer progression via hypoxia-dependent and independent pathways [1]. The roles of HILPDA in most tumor types remain unclear. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the plasticity and heterogeneity of TME, which can account for 50% of some solid tumors [4]. TAMs, especially M2-like TAMs, play an important role in tumor progression. Many oncogenes can promote the infiltration of TAMs in TME to accelerate tumor progression. The association between HILPDA expression and the infiltration of TAMs has not been explored. The protein hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HILPDA) is differentially expressed in various tumors. Its role and correlation with immune cell infiltration in most tumors remain unclear
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