Hilbert space fragmentation and Ashkin-Teller criticality in fluctuation coupled Ising models

Abstract

We discuss the effects of exponential fragmentation of the Hilbert space on phase transitions in the context of coupled ferromagnetic Ising models in arbitrary dimension with special emphasis on the one dimensional case. We show that the dynamics generated by quantum fluctuations is bounded within spatial partitions of the system and weak mixing of these partitions caused by global transverse fields leads to a zero temperature phase with ordering in the local product of both Ising copies but no long range order in either species. This leads to a natural connection with the Ashkin-Teller universality class for general lattices. We confirm this for the periodic chain using quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We also point out that our treatment provides an explanation for pseudo-first order behavior seen in the Binder cumulants of the classical frustrated $J_1-J_2$ Ising model and the $q=4$ Potts model in 2D.