Abstract
Oil products are derived from crude oil and they include petrol, diesel, kerosene, natural gas, bitumen. Oil was discovered in Nigeria in 1956 at Oloibiri in the present Bayelsa State, after a century of searching. Over the years, there has been variation in the price of oil products in Nigeria. The upward adjustments of petroleum products have resulted in inflation, high cost of living, and inequitable distribution of income in Nigeria. Between 1978 and 2007, the various Nigerian regimes increased fuel prices a total number of 19 times. Most of the increase occurred in the 1990-2017 period when petroleum products prices were adjusted upwards sometimes twice in one year. The instability of oil products in Nigeria as a result of widespread smuggling and diversion of products from their approved destinations, holding of products in anticipation of an increase in prices and the refineries producing at less than half of their installed capacities, these variation which in most cases is on the increase side has led to deforestation at its peak yet, afforestation Programmes in Nigeria have a relatively short history with just 78 years. Although the different governments, beginning from the pre-independence and post-independence periods have made modest attempts.
Highlights
Another report by Forestry Research shows that most of the allowance for deforestation in Nigeria comes from their demand for fuel wood. 90% of the Nigerian population stated that they relied on kerosene as the main energy source for cooking but because it is expensive and often unavailable, 60% of them used fuel wood instead
Causes of Price Instability of Oil Products in Nigeria The pricing of oil products has always been controlled by the government at all level in the industry, depending on the international price of crude oil which is set by the Organisation of Petroleum Export Countries (OPEC)
Nigeria has become a large importer of light petroleum products, importing thousands of tons of refined products. [13], asserted that people say Nigeria is dominated by oil and they are right because Nigeria seems to be exporting noting but oil
Summary
The usage of fuel wood for cooking is higher in rural areas of the country where more of the population is concentrated. A lot of damage has been done to Nigeria’s land through the processes of deforestation as a result of notably increase in crude oil, contributing to the overwhelming trend of desertification [5]. They extremely high levels of poverty in the country are very much connected to the issue of deforestation. Nigeria's forests are some of the most threatened on the planet due to high population growth rates, conversion for subsistence and industrial agricultural, and logging. According to the U.N., Nigeria lost nearly 80 percent of its old-growth forests between 1990 and 2005, giving the dubious distinction of having the highest deforestation rate of natural forest on the planet during that period
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